Annabel Lee By Edgar Allan Poe - 947 Words

Annabel Lee by Edgar Allan Poe The poem Annabel Lee has become one of Edgar Allan Poe’s most famous works. This not only was one of Poe’s more popular poems but it was also the very last complete poem he ever wrote. According to Jeannine Johnson, â€Å"Annabel Lee appeared October 9, 1849, In the New York Tribune, two days after the author’s death†. This poem represents multiple things Poe was going through in his life. Including the tragic death of his dearest wife Virginia. Throughout the poem, Poe talks about how immense the love he had for Annabel Lee was, even after she dies. Though life is temporary in this world, and death is unavoidable, love will conquer sub sequential to death, if the love is definite and true. Love can be absolutely beautiful or horribly ugly. Poe and Annabel’s love was absolutely beautiful. Even the angels were in love with Annabel and desired her to come to heaven â€Å"With a love that the winged seraphs of heaven cov eted her and me.† The angels were jealous of what her and the narrator shared. Some believe that what the narrator was trying to convey in his writing when he said, â€Å"I was a child and she was a child, in this kingdom by the sea;† that their love was childish and immature. However, Poe was trying to explain the youthfulness and excitement of this beautiful and crazy relationship. Also, with the thought that they were married at a young age Poe claimed that love he and Annabel Lee shared was a mature love even though they were young. He evenShow MoreRelatedEdgar Allan Poe And Annabel Lee1213 Words   |  5 Pages Edgar Allen Poe and Annabel Lee in a Kingdom by the sea was the two young hearts who fell deeply in love and was separated by death. It must have been magical for these two young lovers to feel the strong emotions and feelings for each other unconditional love, but Edgar found himself alone in reality longing for his love Annabel who left the world in a Kingdom by the sea. Before the mysterious death of Edgar Allan Poe, he wrote the famous poem of â€Å"Annabel Lee† in the year 1849. Edgar successfullyRead MoreAnalysis Of `` Annabel Lee By Edgar Allan Poe1235 Words   |  5 Pagesthan love (Poe Line 9). Love is one of the most important things to have in life, whether it is with family, friends, or that special someone, but that does not mean it will be perfect because everyone has problems. Love can be complicated; it may not be defined so easily or fit the normal standard of love. Sometimes love comes with a desire or an obsession. The inspiration of Annabel Lee by Edgar Allan Poe was inspired by the women that had passed away in his life, but since Poe had writtenRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s Annabel Lee913 Words   |  4 PagesAnother one of Edgar Allen Poe famous poems was â€Å"Annabel Lee†. â€Å"Annabel Lee† was written in 1849 shortly after the death of Poe’s wife. Annabel Lee tells a story about a narrator s painful memory and also explains his love and devotion to his long lost love, Annabel (Empric 1). The narrator discusses how the two grew up together and the love they had for each other was real and exclusive. The narrator goes on to share his belief that the â€Å"angels above were the cause of Annabel s death, killingRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s Annabel Lee908 Words   |  4 Pagessignify his love. In Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"Annabel Lee†, the themes of love and abandonment are explored through literary elements of symbolism, imagery and repetition in order to create a mystical fairy tale for a long lost lover. Poe sets the background stating both lovers are children-like and their love is untainted innocent affection. While being young, the narrator tries to explain to the readers that their love wasn’t not just lust but actual love for his lost Annabel Lee. The use of symbolismRead MoreThe Ravena and Annabel Lee by Edgar Allan Poe833 Words   |  3 PagesComparison and Contrast â€Å"The Raven† and â€Å"Annabel Lee,† by Edgar Allan Poe, are two poems about eternal love and despair. Poe shows the speaker in both poems dealing with the passing of their lover and how they are coping with it. These poems have a different theme from one another; yet have similarities relating to eternal love. In â€Å"The Raven† the speaker is very sad, lonely, and is feeling great sorrow from the loss of his loved one. In â€Å"Annabel Lee† the speaker is not so much sad, but ratherRead MoreAnalysis Of Annabel Lee By Edgar Allan Poe Essay1989 Words   |  8 Pageslove one is gone. In â€Å"Annabel Lee† by Edgar Allan Poe the main character has becomes completely lost in anguish and cannot seem to move on, whereas in â€Å"A valediction; Forbidding Mourning† by John Donne the narrator is accepting of the goodbye because he knows that spiritually they and their love will always be together. The contrasting events that take place are the tragic events after their loved ones being lost, which shows the difference in personalities from authors Poe and Donne and how theyRead MoreEssay about Annabel Lee, Edgar Allan Poe1009 Words   |  5 Pagespieced together to make a rhyme, and evokes true emotion that is palpable. One of the most influential authors that contributed to this experience was Edgar Allan Poe. His work is almost immediately recognizable due to his common motif that is both melancholy and mysterious. Much of his writing concerns love and loss, such as in his poem â€Å"Annabel Lee.† The essence of this work is endless love and the death of a beautiful young girl. It is thought by many that most of his literature mirrors his actualRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Annabel Lee By Edgar Allan Poe936 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Annabel Lee† is a poem written by Edgar Allan Poe about a man’s painful memory of his long-dead love, Annabel Lee. The narrator explains that he an Annabel had a love so intense it made the angels in heaven envious. Out of jealously the angels sent a cold wind that eventually killed Annabel. However, even death could not separate them because their souls are entwined with one another’s. He continues to tell the reader that he still loves her all these years later. In fact he loves her so much heRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Annabel Lee By Edgar Allan Poe990 Words   |  4 PagesIn the poem â€Å"Annabel Lee† by Edgar Allan Poe, he talks about two important characteristics, dead and love. He describes her, as a young woman who is deeply in love with him, and vice versa. There love is unique and strong, and this is the reason why angels and demons are against their happiness, creating envy and jealously. Unfortunately she dies, to what he blames it on the demos who hate them, taking his love away and placing her on a sepulcher. But he makes his point by saying that not even demosRead MoreLiterary Analysis of Annabel Lee by Edgar Allan Poe Essay1313 Words   |  6 PagesAnalyzing of Annabel Lee by Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe in this poem â€Å"Annabel Lee† written in 1849, and first published shortly after his death in Sartain’s Union Magazine, is a story of true love and great loss where a man loves a woman so deeply and is devastated when she dies but holds on to that love even after death. No one really knows whom exactly Poe wrote this poem about, whether or not it was actually inspired by someone he truly loved due to his death right after he wrote it. There

Romeo and Juliet Night - Rejoice or Rebel - 880 Words

Romeo and Juliet: Night - Rejoice or Rebel? Night can be seen in two contrasting ways. The first can be summarized as a time for celebration and love. The second, and most commonly associated with night, is a time of darkness and horror. Two shining examples of the different emotions and reactions brought on by darkness are the books Night by Elie Wiesel and Romeo and Juliet by well-known author, William Shakespeare. In Romeo and Juliet night has a positive image, a welcomed time for love, protection and exchanging of covenants, while in Night the image is portrayed in a negative way, a time for fear, suffering, and death. Night in the great romances is a greeted time of romance and in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet a time to hide†¦show more content†¦To everybodys life there must come an end, but this end was often brutally cut short in concentration camps during the wickedness of night. The Germans killed uncountable numbers of Jewish people during the darkening skies, nights coming, through hangings. An example that stands out particularly well transpires in nights darkness when a child is being hanged with two adults for destroying an electric power station. For more than half an hour he stayed there, struggling between life and death, dying in slow agony before our eyes. (Wiesel 62) Elie almost succumbs to death during the long march in the cold and bitter night, but doesnt give in to deaths beckoning because of his father. Death wrapped itself around me till I was stifled. (Wiesel 82) But Elies father, his condition gradually declining because of dysentery, is eventually taken off to the crematories during nights unforgiving harshness, while possibly still alive. In conclusion, I think we should have more of a open mind when thinking about the meaning of night and not just look upon it with a one-sided point of view. These two books are excellent examples of how night can be both full of passion and full ofShow MoreRelatedEssay on Gender Inequality in the Song of Songs5212 Words   |  21 Pagesthey pertained to love, he cites that the couple in the work are not married or getting married as yet (Fox 231). In fact, because the female persona clearly still lives with her family, Fox insists that the characters are likely the age of Romeo and Juliet, about 13-16. To Fox, the language of the speakers also suggests emotional youth (Fox xii). Scholars have also debated as to whether the Song is even poetry at all. The Mosoretic text of 1008 c.e., the Hebrew source most interpreters use

How has technology improvements impacted on filmmaking Free Essays

string(193) " of Digital Filmmaking Although in an ideal world movies would be made without having any kind-of restrictions, however, the reality is that every project has a budget that it needs to fit to\." Introduction Film as a medium is relatively young compared to the other media such as painting, theatre, literature and etc. Nevertheless, in relatively short period of time, film with its ability to tell different stories and trigger various emotions has quickly established itself as a powerful and influential art form that is loved by masses. As Douglas Trumbull, a film director and special effects supervisor responsible for effects in movies like 2001: Space Odyssey, Blade Runner and Star Trek: The Motion Picture, states: ‘’. We will write a custom essay sample on How has technology improvements impacted on filmmaking? or any similar topic only for you Order Now .I feel that all movies are technical by their nature, it a technical art-form – it’s a photographic optical art form. It’s not like painting or sculpting or writing poetry or literature – it’s technical.. ’’ Douglas Trumbull, 2011[1] From the very first recorded images film as an art form depended on technology and its sophistication. With various technological improvements and inventions filmmakers got more and more tools that they could use to tell their story. This essay is going to discuss how technology improvements had an impact on and shaped film production and industry. Why inventions like digital cinema and digital workflow had such a huge impact that revolutionised the way the movies are made, displayed and even perceived by the audienceHow and why digital cinema is expanding and being embraced not only by the independent productions but by high-budget studios as well? Previous Filmmaking Methods For the art forms such as painting or poetry most of us, given a pen and paper, would be able to write some kind of poem or draw a picture. Filmmaking is inherently a much more complicated process. Without a dedicated piece of equipment that is able to record images for display – films would not be made. To fully understand the benefits of the technological inventions such as, for example, non-linear editing systems or ability to film on a digital format one needs to know the history and understand what technology and practices were in place before such inventions. For the most part of the filmmaking history the images where acquired by film cameras that used a film as a medium to store the pictures. ..ln photographic cinema, light reflected from the scene creates an image by triggering chemical changes on the film stock. Those changes register in the molecular structure of the emulsion.. David Bordwell Kristin Thompson, 2008[2] Over time four main standard film formats were established – super 8mm, 16mm, 35mm and 70mm film, with millimetres representing how wide the film strip is. Usually a bigger size format brings a better image quality, thus, the 35mm format established itself as a standard format for theatrical releases. ‘’The 35mm film gauge has been associated with the theatrical distribution of motion pictures since the Classic Hollywood Studio Systems. The cost and limited access to equipment put 35mm filmmaking out of reach to industry outsiders. Vincent Lobrutto, 2002[3] Throughout the most of the cinematography history, film (being an analogue photography medium) offered an unmatchable picture quality and was the main medium used to acquire images that would be suitable for cinematic release. Although the technology in digital cameras was constantly improving, until late 1990’s the film picture quality was superior compared to the digital video. ..One frame of 35mm motion picture film can contain the equivalent of over 12 million pixels (picture elements). This creates extremely high resolution and detail. One frame of broadcast quality video (not HD) can display about 350,000 pixels.. David Bordwell Kristin Thompson, 2008[4] However, shooting on film offered filmmakers an amazing picture quality – that came with the price. One of the biggest issues for any production that wants to use film as their recording medium is the amount of finances required to shoot and develop the film. ..A feature-length film is a very long ribbon of images, about two miles for a two-hour movie. .. Because each shot usually exists in several takes, because the film is shot out of story order, and because the master-shot/coverage approach yields so much footage, the editor’s job can be a huge one. A 1OO-minute feature, which amounts to about 9000 feet of 35mm film, may have been carved out of 500,000 feet of film.. David Bordwell Kristin Thompson, 2008[5] ‘’..What cost so much on ‘’El Mariachi’’ was the film stock because I wanted to shoot film, I’ve borrowed the camera, I’ve borrowed just about everything else but the film – I had to buy it. Develop it.. And then transfer it.. So those coasts would all be gone (from the budget)..’’ [Robert Rodriguez talking about filming his first feature film – ‘’El Mariachi’’ ] Robert Rodriguez, 2010[6] That is why the costs of film stock and its development were out of reach for most of the independent filmmakers (Robert Rodriguez being a great exception). Film Limitations Shooting on film also meant a lot of workflow limitations. One of the few examples would be the limitations of the medium itself. Since the pictures were being exposed on film, they had to be photo-chemically developed in the laboratory before any reviewing could take place. Meaning that while the production crew was filming the scenes they had no 100% guarantees that the exposed images would have no errors. Slightest mistakes, like a peace of hair on the film-gate or a not correctly sealed film magazine, would mean that the acquired footage might be technically faulty and useless in the edit. Pre-digital film post-production workflow would also have loads of limitations. As even tasks like colour correction would require a photochemical treatment that would eventually be based on intelligent guesswork rather than knowledge on how the final outcome will look like. The Dawn of Digital Technology With an introduction of Digital Intermediate in 1970’s (when film is scanned and digitised in order to alter the imagery in post-production and the exposed back on film for release) and a huge spread in 1990’s, the film industry started to incorporate more and more digital technology into the workflow. The ability to transfer film scans into computer meant that imagery could now be manipulated in a non-linear and non-destructive fashion, which led to the huge benefits for the production. With the first photorealistic Computer Generated creatures developed and animated in 1993 (Jurassic Park) and the first completely Computer Generated feature-length film being released in 1995 (Toy Story), the film industry was starting to discover the true potential of digital technology. In late 1990’s, digital technology in cameras was developed to the point where Hollywood’s A-list director George Lucas decided to use a prototype of the digital SONY HDW-F900 camera for his next feature film Star Wars: Episode II. ‘’The tests have convinced me that the familiar look and feel of motion picture film are fully present in this digital 24P system and that the picture quality between the two is indistinguishable on the large screen’’ George Lucas, Digital Camera Use Finalized, http://www.starwars.com/episode-ii/bts/production/news20000409.html George Lucas, 2000[7] Robert Rodriguez was another famous Hollywood director who saw the benefits of digital technology and decided to incorporate it into his new movie-making tools: He rented two soundstages and converted his garage into a post-production suite with 10 monitors, editing equipment, and a storyboard machine. Spy Kids 2: Island of Lost Dreams was shot entirely with hi-def digital cameras and edited at Troublemaker (Rodriguez newly set-up studio). The title credits for Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over begin with this: â€Å"A Robert Rodriguez Digital File.† The revolution was in full swing. Wired, 2005[8] The Benefits of Digital Filmmaking Although in an ideal world movies would be made without having any kind-of restrictions, however, the reality is that every project has a budget that it needs to fit to. It should never be forgotten that â€Å"Hollywood† is, first and foremost, about money and profits. The term art can usually be heard only on the night of Academy Award presentations. Bastian Cleve, Film Production Management, Third Edition p. 56 One of the biggest reasons why digital technology was embraced so quickly was its cost factor and the ability to cut corner in ‘’typical filmmaking’’. The ability to lose the expenses of purchasing a film stock and its development meant that a huge peace of budget now could be invested somewhere else or the project could be completed for less money. This became a huge factor for independent productions as the ‘’look’’ of filmic picture became much more accessible. Not only that, but by using digital cameras the whole filmmaking process in its essence could be simplified and various costs that were attached to the film workflow could be lost. For example, the camera crew in digital production could be much smaller as everything is being recorded to the tape or digital storage device and less people and effort is required to handle that type of medium. Then there is the fact that the newer digital cameras like CANON 5D, RED ONE or RED EPIC are much more sensitive to the light than standard film cameras. This brings huge benefits when it comes to shooting in dark environments etc. As Greg and Colin Strauses, the Directors Producers of their independent feature film, states: A lot of the movie was shot on ISO 2000 – that’s four times the sensitivity of your standard ISO 500 35mm film stock that we would use for the night time shots. The thing that was revolutionary to us was that at 2000 ISO it opens up a whole new type of photography, and basically it enables the available light night time exterior in urban environment – you don’t have to light the entire city. You don’t have to light up the sides of the buildings, you don’t have generators and crews pre-rigging and pre-lighting scenes.. †¦ you could use an iPhone now as a key-light on your talent.. Greg Strause, 2010 [9] Although at first it might seem that the ability to use less light for filming might not have much importance, in reality the ability to shoot night-time scenes without hiring a lighting department etc. might result in huge budget savings, or even the final material look that, otherwise, the production would not be able to afford. Having less people working on set might not only be easier for the management but could also save production money. This might also have an impact on the final feel and the aesthetics of the movie. As established before in this essay – filming something for a feature film, for example on the 35mm film, is not a one man’s job. In order to keep the production rolling fast there is a need for a crew. Camera crew, lighting crew, production assistants will all add up to the number of people working on-set. While at first this might not look as a big issue but the more people there is on set the more coordination everyone needs and the more pressure the director faces to make quick decisions that would allow the production to move on. Steven Spielberg described this process greatly when he was asked in the interview about his early days of the 8mm filmmaking: ..Actually, it was great when I flashback to being kid and making my 8mm movies its always at the time when I’m making a big 35mm movie where there is too many people and there is too much noise and I lose all the intimacy of being the director and all becomes a big mish-mash of big collaboration – which it needs to be†¦ Steven Spielberg, 1998[10] The crew size and people involved on-set could also affect the actors’ performance. Working with a big crew, simple things, such as moving from set to set or changing camera positions, can become a long and complicated process that could impact actor’s performance. If he or she needs to deliver an intimate or emotional piece then it can be much harder if the actor needs to wait before the whole camera crew moves in order to change the angle as the moments when actor is into his/her role could be lost. By using the new digital technology it is possible to cut down drastically or even resign the crew – and still keep the production value high. By using the lightweight camera like RED EPIC, Canon 5D or any other digital format it is possible to shoot projects fully guerrilla style if needed and have the images completely fulfilling the quality level that is required for a theatrical release – something that would have been impossible with, for example, the 35mm film camera before. A great example would be Gereth Edwards who wrote, filmed, directed and produced visual effects for his recent feature film ‘’Monsters’’ that has been theatrically released all around the world. ‘’It was a road movie really†¦ we all fitted in the back of the van – it was very guerrilla. I was filming myself, we had a sound man, line producer and a Spanish equivalent and that was essentially the crew for most of it’’ Gereth Edwards, 2010[11] The Monsters film project is really interesting on many levels and is a perfect example of what can be achieved even with a small crew and digital technology. One thing that certainly stands out with this project is that it was shot while travelling through South America without any locked story. While filming the scenes, the director had a rough idea on what his film is going to be about but the rest of the story was left for improvisation. ‘’..We would jump-out, pick a scene, maybe have a conversation – maybe not.. Because its often be more realistic if even the actors would not know what’s going to happen.. ’’ While traveling the crew would record everything that they thought might be useful for the final edit. While one could argue that this type of filmmaking goes against any kind of film school or managing rules, the fact that Monsters was made in this way and got international theatrical release, illustrates the possibilities that digital technology has brought to the table. That type of filmmaking would be extremely expensive and probably impossible in the pre-digital era as even things like changing film magazines every so often (as standard 400 feet film magazine would hold only around 5 minutes of footage) would been a huge issue in that type of production. However, by shooting everything guerrilla style the Director managed to create a documentary feeling in the piece and that arguably helped to blend all the visual effects better and portray the sci-fi story in the more realistic fashion. It is interesting how the digital medium directly influenced the style that the filmmaker co uld establish in his work and how a totally different approach had to be taken should the project had to be done on film. The Russian Ark is another great example that showcases how filmmakers managed to use new technology that they got available to them and produce something in the style that was never done before. By using a Sony digital film camera and recording the footage onto a dedicated high-speed RAID drives the filmmakers managed to record the Russian Ark film in one 96 minutes long un-interrupted steadicam shot (Russian Ark: The Masterworks Edition DVD). Yet again this type of approach could not be taken if the project would have been shot on film simply because of the format’s technical limitations (even if the required film length magazine would be invented the size and weight of it would have been unbearable for the steadycam operator). It is interesting to see that digital technologies helped to rediscover some of the old technologies such as Stereo Filmmaking as well. One of the reasons why Stereoscopy failed to establish itself as a mainstream medium in 1950 was exactly because of the film’s technical limitations. At the time, in order to achieve a stereo effect it was necessary to use two film projectors running simultaneously – one for each eye. The two projectors had to project matching images at once on a frame-by-frame basis or, otherwise, the viewer would be introduced to the eye-strain[12]. For a viewable 3D display appropriate projectionist skills were required in order to match and run the film frames correctly. However, even if the projectionist tasks were completed successfully there was still the fact that the film was an analogue medium that had inherited flaws that were really presentable in a 3D screening. Every processed film roll had a different film-grain texture (especially notice able in older stocks) and essentially even the two copies of the same film would not look identical. Then there was the fact that both copies of the film degrade (gathering dust and scratches) over time differently, which meant that after some usage the differences between the two film roles would only increase. As a result, the pictures would not line-up and the viewers’ brain would still try to solve the 3D effect from the two radically different pictures that would result in a headache. Since digital technology in its essence is based on numbers and mathematical codes the exact replication of the material becomes not such a big issue. Post-production is another area where digital technology brought astonishing changes. Previously mentioned Gereth Edwards is a great illustration of how the digital post-production can be used to its full potential. Edwards shot over 100 hours of footage that was roughly edited together by an editor Colin Goudie on a laptop while traveling[13]. Edwards not only wrote, directed and shot his movie by himself he also produced visual effects and completed around 250 visual effects shots that were made as the filmmaker states himself: ‘’..in my bedroom..’’. By working on his personal computer from his house he managed to produce cinematic release level imagery in the time of five months. The Downside Although a lot of filmmakers including high-budget Hollywood filmmakers quickly adopted all the new digital technology and techniques, some people are still sceptical about it. A good example would be the creator of Cloverfield and Star Trek – J.J. Abrams, who is heavily known for his ‘’get everything you need in-camera’’ approach: ‘’I don’t mind shooting some stuff on greenscreen and we of course did .. but the problem with me and greenscreen is that it’s like when you are recording music the last thing you want to do is say we will fix it in the mix – you want to get it right when you’re are recording it! Greenscreen is inherently fix it in the mix process†¦.. it limits you in a lot of ways because you’re not able to completely understand the motivation of all the light and what surrounds the actors†¦ The actors themselves have to make it up and there is odd disconnect and I think all these things add-up to this bizarre sort-of unreality..’’ J.J. Abrams, 2009[14] Then there is another side of the medal of how easy it is to use new cameras and technology nowadays in the digital world. Filming in the pre-digital era the footage that was filmed on the day was pretty much the image that the viewer was going to see at the cinema. Naturally much more time was spent by the creators planning and preparing for the shoot as everyone wanted to shoot the best possible images on the day. The digital post-production workflow now allows to delay a lot of final decisions that used to be made before the actual principal photography, or on set to the very last minutes of the final delivery (colour correction, set design and etc). The reality is that more and more production workflow is now based on how to better accommodate the post-production process. For example, the colour filters that used to be heavily used in the pre-digital era are almost out of fashion as most of the colouring is now done in the post-production suite, where the director can try out and apply hundreds and hundreds of different looks to their film. While at first it seems like a very positive idea to have as much control of the final product as possible to the very end of the filmmaking process, it has some downsides as well: Unfortunately this miracle .. to manipulate and fine-tune just about everything have resulted in furious production schedules and frantic, free-and-easy shooting with a ‘’damn the torpedoes ’’ attitude. This hectic pace has led to the phrase ‘’fix it in post’’ and is one of the factors in the high cost of movies today. Mark Sawicki,2007 [15] The ability to endlessly manipulate images in the post-production can be used as a great tool to furthermore enhance the image quality of the final picture that the audience is going to see. From adding extra actors on-set to wire removal and greenscreen replacements the post-production facilities got a reputation of the ‘’magical’’ ability to do anything with the footage. Naturally these services often started to be used to fix or cover mistakes that were made in production or even pre-production stages. Right now we got movies that are out of control. The directors really don’t understand digital effects they just assume that somebody will be able to fix in post, no matter how many mistakes they going to make. .. If you talk to any post production house you will see that they get stuff that is nothing but dismally screwed up†¦ Douglas Trumbull, 2011[16] A ‘’screwed up’’ term could probably be used not only to describe the technical side of some of the filmmaking nowadays. While one could think that fewer technological limits and faster workflows could potentially allow filmmakers to concentrate more on the aspects of storytelling and create new original movies, however, the reality is rather different. Many of the Hollywood studios would rather use already tested stories and storytelling methods and concentrate more on the quantity rather than the quality of the projects. ..let’s look ahead to what’s on the menu for this year [2011]: four adaptations of comic books. One prequel to an adaptation of a comic book. One sequel to a sequel to a movie based on a toy. One sequel to a sequel to a sequel to a movie based on an amusement-park ride. One prequel to a remake. Two sequels to cartoons. One sequel to a comedy. An adaptation of a children’s book. An adaptation of a Saturday-morning cartoon. One sequel with a 4 in the title. Two sequels with a 5 in the title. One sequel that, if it were inclined to use numbers, would have to have a 7 1/2 in the title. Captain America, Cowboys Aliens, Green Lantern, and Thor; X-Men: First Class; Transformers 3; Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides; Rise of the Apes; Cars 2 and Kung Fu Panda 2; The Hangover Part II; Winnie the Pooh; The Smurfs in 3D; Spy Kids 4; Fast Five and Final Destination 5; Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 2 Mark Harris, 2011[17] http://www.gq.com/entertainment/movies-and-tv/201102/the-day-the-movies-died-mark-harris?currentPage=1 It is strange and at the same time quite interesting to see that with all the filmmaking improvements that were made over the last few decades with the storytelling arguably having no limits, the mainstream cinema is dominated by remakes and stories that were already told many times before. Conclusion With the consumers’ level equipment getting cheaper and more sophisticated every year, the independent filmmakers are quickly chasing high-budget studio films in terms of the images’ quality and ‘’expensive look’’. As Francis Ford Coppola, who is considered as one of the most influential Hollywood’s film director, states: â€Å"Cinema is escaping being controlled by the financier, and that’s a wonderful thing. You don’t have to go hat-in-hand to some film distributor and say, ‘Please will you let me make a movie?† Scott Kirsner, 2008[18] The fact that by spending less than 1000? it is possible to get a camera and in theory match the picture quality of a Hollywood’s blockbuster film is on its own exciting. Technology brought the ability for the independent filmmakers to have an opportunity to really explore the filmmaking and do things that were possible only for high-budget productions before. The high-budget productions, on the other hand, are forced to think of new ways to create and present films that would still fascinate the viewers and attract them to the cinemas. With the 3D technology being heavily promoted by major studios and various other techniques being explored in cinemas, like wind and smells effects (Avatar Goes 4D in Korea, http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118014803?refCatId=19), it seems that filmmaking yet again might be lifted by the technology to the new heights. As Douglas Trumbull stated: ‘’I think we really need to open it up. We are no longer limited by mechanical movements, celluloid film and sprocket plastic. We are all digital now and so let’s reconsider what movies are.’’ Douglas Trumbull, 2011[19] References: Books: Bordwell, David Thompson, Kristin (2008), â€Å"Film Art Introduction, Eight Edition†, p. 30 Sawicki, Mark (2007), â€Å"Filming The Fantastic – A Guide To Visual Effects†, p. xiii Kirsner, Scott, (2008). Inventing the Movies: Hollywood’s Epic Battle Between Innovation and the Status Quo, from Thomas Edison to Steve Jobs. Boston, MA: CinemaTech Books. p. 199 Lobrutto, Vincent (2003) The encyclopedia of American independent filmmaking, p. 389 Online: Abrams, J.J. (2009), FxGuideTV #58: Star Trek Plus Now ILM [Motion Picture, streaming video]. Retrieved 9/04/2011 from http://www.fxguide.com Edwards, Gereth (2010), FXguide Podcasts Skyline [Online]. Available from: http://www.fxguide.com/podcasts/Skyline/ [Accessed: 08/03/2011] Edwards, Gereth (2010), Monsters Best Buy Featurette [Motion Picture, streaming video]. Retrieved 13/03/2011 from http://www.traileraddict.com/trailer/monsters/best-buy-featurette Gizmodo.com.au, (2010), Robert Rodriguez On How Technology Changed Filmmaking, [Motion Picture, streaming video]. Retrieved 22/03/2011 from http://www.gizmodo.com.au/2010/11/robert-rodriguez-on-how-technology-has-changed-filmmaking/ Harris, Mark The Day Movies Died, [Online] November 2009, Available from: http://www.gq.com/entertainment/movies-and-tv/201102/the-day-the-movies-died-mark-harris?currentPage=1 [Accessed: 30/04/2011 StarWars.com, (2000), Digital Camera Use Finalized, [Online] April 2000, Available from: http://www.starwars.com/episode-ii/bts/production/news20000409.html [Accessed: 20/04/2011] Spielber, Steven (1998), Former Super 8 Filmmaker [Motion Picture, streaming video]. Retrieved 12/03/2011 from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DH_ya6E-N_A Strause, Greg (2011), FXPodcast Skyline [Online]. Available from: http://www.fxguide.com/fxpodcasts/Skyline/ [Accessed: 08/03/2011] Trumbull, Douglas (2011), FxGuideTV #104: Douglas Trumbull [Motion Picture, streaming video]. Retrieved 9/04/2011 from http://www.fxguide.com WideScreen Movie Magazine, 3D by G.J.J. De Wan, [Online] November 2009, Available from: http://widescreenmovies.org/WSM11/GDW3D.htm [Accessed: 21/03/2011] Wired, (2005), The Man Who Shot Sin City, [Online] April 2005, Available from: http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/13.04/sincity.html [Accessed: 21/03/2011] How to cite How has technology improvements impacted on filmmaking?, Essay examples

Tumor Lysis Syndrome free essay sample

Tumor Lysis Syndrome by NinjaMom Tumor Lysis Syndrome is a series of metabolic derangements which may begin shortly after the onset of treatment of malignancies. It can lead to any of the following:  · hyperphosphatemia · lactic acidosis (metabolic acidosis)  · hypocalcemia · hyperuricemia  · hyperkalemia · acute renal failure Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS):  · is caused by the destruction of many rapidly proliferating neoplastic cells  · is most commonly associated with a Burkitts lymphoma or acute lymphocytic leukemia  · can occur after treatment of nearly any malignancy  · occurs shortly (1-5 days) after onset of chemotherapy can occur spontaneously, but this is rare There are no definite parameters to diagnosing TLS, but there is a guideline as to how to measure disease severity. This is the Cairo-Bishop method. Laboratory TLS two or more of the following:  · uric acid level gt; 8 · potassium level gt; 6  · phosphorus level gt; 4. 5 · calcium level lt; 7 Clinical TLS any of the above laboratory values with an elevated serum creatinine, a new arrhythmia, seizure or sudden death Hyperphosphatemia  · caused by the release of intracellular phosphate pools within tumor cells  · causes a reciprocal decrease in serum calcium, which then causes the deposition of calcium phosphate crystals in the renal tubules and in the microvasculature, and can lead to acute renal failure  · treat with oral phosphate binders Hypocalcemia  · usually a reciprocal decrease caused by hyperphosphatemia  · QT prolongation  · positive Chvostek and Trousseaus signs  · bronchospasm, seizures, anxiety, tetany, encephalopathy, unexplained dementia or psychosis, parasthesias  · often resolves without intervention as the phosphate levels return to normal  · do NOT correct unless severe neurological symptoms present as this may predispose the patient to hypercalcemia as the phosphate levels normalize Hyperkalemia  · caused by intracellular potassium release from tumor lysis  · worsed with a metabolic acidosis  · shortened QT interval, peaked T waves, flattened P waves, prolonged PR interval, wide QRS, deep S wave, sine waves, ventricular arrhythmias, asystole, death  · often the first life-threatening abnormality identified  · treat with restriction of dietary potassium, kayexelate, and IV glucose and insulin  · if K gt; 6. We will write a custom essay sample on Tumor Lysis Syndrome or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 5, calcium gluconate or calcium carbonate may be given for cardioprotecion Hyperuricemia  · caused by the rapid turnover of nucleic acids uric acid can precipitate in the tubules, medulla, and collecting ducts of the kidney  · elevated levels can lead to nausea/vomiting, arthralgias, and lethargy  · worsened by a metabolic acidosis  · treat with allopurinol  · may treat with rasburicase  · may magnify clinical hypocalcemia  · if prior treatment ineffective, acetazolamide may be used Metabolic Acidosis  · caused by release of endogenous intracellular acids  · elevated anion gap  · decreased serum bicarbonate levels  · decreased uric acid solubility  · increased calcium phosphate solubility Acute Renal Failure  · oligoanuric  · causes volume overload, pulmonary edema precipitated by uric acid crystallization, calcium phosphate crystallization  · if conservative medical management does not correct these abnormalities, emergent dialysis is warranted to prev ent permanent kidney damage The likelihood of developing TLS depends on several factors:  · tumor burden · renal function  · uric acid level · LDH level  · tumor sensitivity to treatment · elderly age Pre-treatment care:  · CBC · LDH level  · CMP · uric acid level  · ionized calcium · hydration  ·possible pre-alkalinization of the urine Post-treatment care:  · close monitoring for 48-72 hours after treatment continuous cardiac monitoring  · hydration  · BUNs TID  · measurement of urine pH TID  · dialysis if indicated References Berkow, Robert, M. D. et al, eds. Tumor Lysis Syndrome. The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. 13th ed. New Jersey: Merck Co. , Inc. 1977. Braunwald, Eugene, M. D. et al, eds. Tumor Lysis Syndrome. Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine. 15th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001. Fernandez, Pedro, M. D. , Richard Larson, M. D. , and Zalman Agus, M. D. Tumor Lysis Syndrome. www. uptodate. com 2007. Ikeda, Alan, M. D. et al. Tumor Lysis Syndrome. www. emedicine. com. 2006.

Essay Examples on England Essay Example

Essay Examples on England Paper 1st Essay Sample on England During the years of 1600-1763, there was a major struggle over who would possess the wide stretches of land throughout the New World which, involved three European Nations: France, Spain, and England. Throughout the endeavor for the land of the New World, England became triumphant because of their many settlements, economy/ government, and the many military victories. All three European Nations had settlements but only Englands really prospered in North America. The Spanish founded New Mexico in 1609 and Sante Fe in 1610 in North America. Their downfall came when they tried to convert the Indians to there Christian beliefs which provoked the Indians to make an up rise in 1680 where they destroyed the churches and killed many of the Spanish settlers. It took them over a century to regain any land in North America. The French leader Samuel de Champlain or the Father of New France established Quebec, in 1608. Later, Montreal, Louisiana, and New Orleans were founded. The governments of these establishments was controlled by the crown and was highly autocratic. These French territories would later become territory of the English due to the French and Indian War. Unlike the French and Spanish, England founded many colonies that would never be destroyed or taken by another Nations. England’sfirst settlement in Jamestown was brought to life by a charter given to the Virginia Company of London, by King James I and was called Virginia. This colony would be referred to later as the foundation of America. Colonizing was put forth by the ending of England’s Civil War in 1660 which was known as the restoration period. The colonies had a representative self government and right to trail by jury, a plus compared to the French’s autocratic government. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on England specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on England specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on England specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer England also put up a buffer state known as Georgia which would protect the Northern colonies from Spanish attackers. 2nd Essay Sample on England Although Spain and Portugal appeared to be leaders of the exploration of the New World, it was clear that England was the most successful and its colonies the most profitable in the New World by the 17th century. Englands reach extended to nearly all the land along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean apart from Florida, which had succeeded in staying in Spanish hands. English men, women, and those of youth left England in search for opportunity, a better means of which to live, and most importantly, wealth. If England had not been in a state of crisis at the time involving social inequality, population increase, and an environment in which the rich were becoming richer and the poor were growing poorer, not many would seek refuge in an unknown land. The fact that so many English were traveling to the New World was probably a perk for Englands status as a world power due to the fact that the English became a majority in the Americas, and assigned themselves many more rights and privileges than they did to minorities. England would have surely become the most dominant nation in the world had it not been for the independent, and for England, the idealistic views of the settlers in the New World. When they entered into a New World, the settlers brought with them their religious beliefs, a major component in the diversification of the colonies. Those with a stricter religious regime, a more feared God, and conservative ideals settled and formed the New England colonies. All of these colonies happened to form after the founders fled religious persecution or were given land specifically for followers of their beliefs, thereby putting a strong emphasis on religious duty among the people. New England, because it was so heavily constructed around religion, saw the settlement of whole families and their servants. 3rdEssay Sample on England When settlers from England came to America, they envisioned a Utopia, where they would have a say in what the government can and cannot do. Before they could live in such a society they would have to take many small steps to break the hold England had on them. The settlers of America had to end a monarchy and start their own, unique, form of government. They also had to find a way that they would have some kind of decision making power. The most important change that the colonies in America had to make was to become a society quite different from that in England. By 1763 although some colonies still maintained established churches, other colonies had accomplished a virtual revolution for religious toleration and separation of church and state. During the mid-1600’s England was a Christian dominated nation; the colonies, however, were mainly Puritans. When Sir Edmond Andros took over a Puritan church in Boston for Anglican worship, the Puritans believed this was done to break their power and authority. The Puritan church in New England was almost entirely separated from the state, except that they taxed the residents for the church;s support. The churches in New England had no temporal power, unlike the church of England. Many seaport towns like Marble head and Gloucester, became more religious as time pasted. This show of religious freedom was a way in which the colonies had religious toleration and differed from the Christian church in England. Unlike the well-defined social classes of England, the colonies had a streamline class structure, which gave individuals the chance to rise on the social latter. New settlers living on the coast could become rich by fishing and selling what they caught. If fishing was not a settler;s strong point, then they could try their hand at farming. Getting the land to farm on was the easy part.

Cities On France Essays - Early Middle Ages, Prefectures In France

Cities On France Essays - Early Middle Ages, Prefectures In France Cities On France Toulose is a city in southern France, Capital of Haute -Garonne Department, on the Garonne River and the Canal du Midi. Its major Commercial , Transportation and Manufacturing center, is known for its production of aircraft and aerospace equipment. Other products are chemicals, clothing , electrical machinery, and farm implements. Places of interest in Toulose include a the largeRomanesque Basilica of saint Sernin, which contains the tomb of St. Thomas Aquinas; the Gothic Cathedral of WSaint Etienne; and the church of Notre Dame la Blanche. The city alsocontains mansions in the renaissance style; these include the Hotel Felzins, the Maison de Pierre, and the hotel d;Assezat et de Clemence -Isaure. As the Gallic city of Tolosa, the community was important long before the Roman conquest of Gaul. It became an episcopal see in the 4th century and was the capital of the Visigoths from 419 to 508, when it was captured by Clovis I, king of the Franks. It served as the seat of the Carolingian kingdom of the Aquitainebfrom 781 to 843, when the separate county of Toulose was established. The city joined the $Roman Catholic cause during the Wars of the Religion in the late 16th century, however, in 1562 some 4000 Protestants Huguenots of the city were killed. Nimes, city in southern France, capital of Gard Department, on a plain in the Cevennes Region. Its farm -trade and manufacturing center, products include: texties, clothing, processed

Critically discuss the dichotomy implicit in the term 'impartial Essay

Critically discuss the dichotomy implicit in the term 'impartial advice' when referring to travel information provided by go - Essay Example The objective of this essay is to show the impact of the partial and impartial advice on travelling and travel patterns. The paper shed light of the reason why biases exist in the issuing of advice and travel information and the remedy to the same. Government advisories seem to target the first time travellers and families. They seem vulnerable and excited and may fail to take full precautions when they travel the tourist destinations around the world. There are other groups that depend on the travel services for business and commercial purposes, management and administration (Unger 1983). These groups are driven by strategy and ambition. These later groups become affected by unnecessary travels bans and alerts. The companies seek to avoid corporate risks. Travel related advises seem to indicate that it does not apply all the time. Governments have a tendency to be precautionary (Prentice 1992). Research shows that most of the governments do not invest a lot getting the resources nec essary to issue travel advisories exclusively. It rare to get a government department that deals exclusively of research and collection of data on travel advisories. Tonny Ridley argues that small countries have no dedicated travel advisory services. This is as a result of lack of commercial experience (Tyrrel 1984). Partial travel advice is issued when the government wants to achieve a certain purpose. Most of such advice is predicated on government interests. It could be a form of censorship or omissions. This is in comparison to the business or commercial sector (Pothman 1978). The government is often accused of not seeing the commercial aspect of travel bans and advisories. Security departments are swift to issue travel advice, which could hurt the economy in the long run. Most travel agencies are said to be biased. They tend to be partial toward airlines and other travel products and services. Therefore, their travel advice is often treated with suspicion. Agencies are biased t owards travel service vendors. They list their favourite airlines first for other reasons other than the professional reasons (Tyrrel 1984). In the United States of America, the federal government was forced to respond to complaints that touched on these biases and partial attitude. The federal government adopted regulations that would limit them from intentionally biasing flights in favour of airlines (Ross 1992). Nongovernmental airlines are known to give professional and impartial advice on air travel. They tend to focus on the economic aspect more than the air travel politics. An air traveller should get advice from as a variety of sources if possible. Consumer lives under the fear of getting biased travel advice. The move by the federal government did not restore the consumer confidence in the travel industry and advice (Pothman 1978). The only way the consumer is assured of getting unbiased and impartial advice is when they go to the agencies directly. Online travel agencies a re increasingly focusing on profitability (Unger 1983). They are in the process of developing software that likes them to CSR. There is growing concern they might favour airlines that offer the agencies high commissions. Travel agencies are legally allowed to be partial while displaying so as to favour their most profitable choices. In the United States of America, this is including the CSR owned travel agencies. This can happen at the expense of the agencies are cheap and professional in terms

Testing of biomolecules Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Testing of biomolecules - Lab Report Example This research will begin with the statement that biomolecules are molecules that are produced by living organisms and which play certain roles in the life of the organism. They include proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids and lipids. Â  The knowledge of the organic molecules forms the basis in the study of biochemistry and medical sciences together with understanding how the body works. The body has a mechanism for ensuring that the molecules are regulated in the body and any deficiency is detected through various clinical manifestations. Some of the biomolecules are synthesized in the body while others are acquired through the food that we eat. For instance, when we come to amino acids which are the building blocks of proteins, they are divided into essential and non-essential ones. The essential ones are not synthesized in the body and so the body has to get them from the environment through the food that we eat. The various biomolecules play different roles in our bodies. T he carbohydrates serve as the primary source of energy. They are divided into three groups, the monosaccharaides which are the simple sugars, the disaccharides which are formed by the dehydration process when two monosaccharide molecules are brought together. An example is the formation of lactose from glucose and galactose. Proteins are important in growth and repair. They also form the enzymes and hormones which are important in various catalytic metabolic processes in the body.

Chapter 3 Review and Discussion Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chapter 3 Review and Discussion Question - Essay Example While most manufacturing processes are automated, the service organizations cannot adopt this process. Lastly, manufacturing demands physical location for production of products, whereas service designers are least bothered about this aspect. For a good service, the designer should keep in mind factors like legitimacy of services, access to potential clients, competitors in the market, price ranges, cost of maintaining services and demand in the markets. Mass customization refers to the combination of two business practices commonly referred to as craft production and the mass production. Being directed at providing maximum satisfaction to the customers, the practice promotes the notion of providing individualized products to customers with mass production efficiency. Although the application of the notion of mass customization appears promising, there are a number of challenges related to this concept. The challenges that arise secondary to the application of this process may be regarded as being internal complexities or external complexities. External complexities arise when customers face difficulties regarding customization of their ordered products. The uncertainty associated with this process is often the cause of dissatisfaction for the client. Internal complexities on the other hand are related to the internal functions of the company regarding designing of products that are customizable enough to meet the customer’s demands. Due to wide product range and variety that results secondary to mass customization, the company faces internal complexities that may hinder its smooth

Recommendations for the Children Act 2004

Recommendations for the Children Act 2004 The Children Act 2004 created the office of Childrens Commissioner. If you were to be appointed to this office, which changes and innovations would you propose to the law and policy relating to children and the family to ensure that your function is fulfilled? How would you justify such changes and innovations? Introduction The Children Act 2004[1] was the product of a Government consultation exercise informed by the publication of the Every Child Matters[2] Green Paper which was drawn up to complement the Government’s formal response to the Victoria Climbià ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚ ©, Inquiry Report.[3] The Act provided for the establishment of the post of Children’s Commissioner to ensure a voice and lobbyist for children and young people at a national level. The current incumbent of this post is Professor Al Aynsley-Green. Section 2 of the Children Act stipulates that the Commissioners role will be to promote awareness of the interests and views of children and young adults up to the age of 20 including those in care or with learning disabilities. The Commissioner is also empowered to hold inquiries on direction by the Secretary of State or on his own initiative into cases of individual children with wider policy relevance This paper makes various proposals aimed at improving the current regime of law, policy and administration concerning the welfare of children and vulnerable young adults in the United Kingdom.[4] Bullying in Schools Bullying is a serious issue and something that affects the life of almost every child at one point or another in their time at school. It is also an issue for adult society, given that bullies sometimes take their habits into later life and that victims may harbour profound emotional scars long after they grow up. Bullying is consistently highlighted as a key concern, if not the paramount concern, in surveys of children.[5] As such it is submitted that proposals for action in this field would be warmly welcomed. The recent Anti-Bullying Week, which was coordinated by Professor Aynsley-Green, received considerable media attention and attracted the support of high profile media and sporting celebrities such as David Beckham. This indicates that there is widespread support for advances in policy in this area and this is significant because the likelihood of a proposal’s successful adoption and implementation is an important criterion in deciding which suggestions to put forward for consideration. Some shocking incidents have recently increased the momentum behind calls for innovative and progressive enhancement of society’s response to the problem of bullying. In November 2005 Natashia Jackman, aged 15, was attacked by three girls at a school in Surrey.[6] One of the girls used a pair of scissors to attack Natashia, stabbing her in the eye and face. It transpired that Natashia had been the victim of prolonged and concerted bullying at school. It is submitted that tough new intervention in this field is necessary before the situation escalates into one where a terrible incident such as one that occurred in this case takes place. Even more serious are the suicides of schoolchildren who are driven to a final act of desperation after being victimised by other children in classrooms and playgrounds.[7] If given the opportunity outlined in the title to this paper this commentator would make a proactive and effective anti-bullying policy a top priority for immediate action. In particular the following reforms are recommended: (a) A senior member of teaching staff at every primary and secondary school should be appointed as bullying surveillance officer. This position should be recognised and incorporated within the workload of the staff concerned, allowing sufficient time for the fulfilment of this duty and the role should be subject to external quality assessment, just as teaching is. (b) External speakers should be engaged to address children on bullying at school assembly. These should include authority figures such as police officers (who can explain the criminal consequences of such action), adult victims of bullying who can relate the experiences and the impact bullying had on them with force and even celebrities and notable figures could be enlisted to tour schools and offer influential advice. Professional footballer Rio Ferdinand recently starred in an anti-bullying television campaign[8] and it should be possible to gather together a sizeable team of prominent people who could participate in a scheme that would grab the attention of pupils and speak to them at their level. (c) Specialist bullying mediators should be appointed to local education areas with appropriate skills and experience and a dedicated remit to deal with bullying both at school and in the homes of victims and perpetrators alike. It is argued that teachers simply don’t have the training to conduct such sensitive work and negotiation and the matter is too serious to be left to concerned amateurs, no matter how much classroom experience they may have. (d) Pupils at all levels should be required to sign an anti-bullying pledge which emphasises that acquiescence in the face of bullying is an act that will itself attract punitive sanction under the school’s disciplinary code. Almost all of us will remember witnessing bullying, often sustaining bullying, of particular children from our schooldays, and almost all of us will probably regret failing to intervene to assist at the time. (e) School disciplinary mechanisms should deal sharply with any incidents of bullying, imposing stern and escalating punishments including suspension and possible exclusion and involving parents at an early stage. Moreover, the victims of bullying must be effectively protected in the process. There is anecdotal evidence to suggest that teachers sometimes prefer to deal with the complaints of one set of parents of a bullied child, rather than tackle four or five sets of parents of the bullies themselves. This is an appalling state of affairs and one that must be brought to an end forthwith. (f) A peer mentoring system should be introduced nationwide, to offer the victims of bullying the opportunity to speak with respected older children who have undergone training. Occasionally victims will be intimidated by the prospect of complaining to a teacher or even a parent. The other advantage of this suggested scheme is that peer mentors will typically have a better grasp of ‘ground-level’ activities and politics within a school than the most well- informed teachers. A range of incentives could be offered for participation in this scheme, and volunteering might prove especially attractive to older students with one eye on character references for work and university. (g) A comprehensive national education and advertising campaign should be launched to back up these reforms. If sustained, such a campaign is capable of producing an attitudinal shift in society from one of generally passive acquiescence to one of intolerance and proactive intervention. Thirty years ago car seatbelts were considered an annoyance at worst and an optional extra at best, however a concerted campaign shifted opinions to such an extent that for most people riding in a car without a seatbelt is now unthinkable just a generation later. Public campaigns have proved equally successful in such fields as passive smoking and there is no reason why a properly funded and lengthy anti-bullying campaign could not produce a similar seismic shift in our collective attitude to the activity. Better coordination, clarified responsibilities, increased funding This commentator would make it a priority to bash heads together (ie. encourage better liaison and cooperation) among local authorities and key agencies to improve the service that they collectively provide to children. At present too many children either fall through the cracks in the system or have pressing needs overlooked because the division of responsibilities between different agencies and bodies is unclear, piecemeal and patchy. Perhaps the best and most notorious example of this problem is the appalling case of Victoria Climbie, the inquiry into which presented shocking findings suggesting poor communication and coordination between responsible agencies. Moreover the general scarcity of resources dictates that it is often difficult for agencies to extend themselves beyond their own traditional spheres of activity in cases which may merit such action. It should surely be a priority in any general programme of reform to support child welfare professionals, be they working in the social services, police, education or health services, in an effort to work together more effectively, share information to identify difficulties and concerns, and provide the appropriate assistance more efficiently. To this end the creation of universal national database holding all information relevant to children and young people and the interests that concern them is recommended. It is time to exploit fully the exponentially growing power of technology in a way that is beneficial to children. A policy aimed at improved integration and enhanced cooperation must also entail measures to ensure better and clearer accountability for childrens services. For too long children have suffered from ambiguities in this crucial area. It is contended that concrete accountability in particular should perhaps be the ultimate aim of any proposed reform. Public and professional accountability is without doubt to best way guarantee diligence in any office. This clutch of proposals must go hand in hand with concerted lobbying for more funds from Government. Quality costs that is something that every parent understands on an individual level in respect to the care of their own children and it is something that the community should be susceptible to accept on a collective basis for the nation’s young. It is submitted that such a funding priority should prove more popular with the electorate than almost any other drain on the public purse. In simple terms, it can only be a vote winner for a Government beset with criticism over funding of such endeavours as the Iraq War and it chimes with the overarching policy of comprehensive, all-inclusive care endorsed by the Beveridge report[9] which founded the welfare state. Child Health and Welfare It is proposed that new policies are implemented to address specific problems that affect the health and well-being of the nation’s youth. While some apparent progress has been made in other sections of society it is damning fact that smoking rates are actually on the increase among children, in particular girls.[10] Approximately sixteen per cent of girls currently smoke, compared to around twelve per cent of boys. More than half of all children, male and female have consumed alcohol and a significant number are regular drinkers. Perhaps more startling is the fact that around seventeen per cent of children have abused solvents and a similar proportion have taken drugs, such as cannabis. Around twelve per cent of children claim to be sexually active or at least to have had sexual experience. Married to this statistic is the fact that the United Kingdom is top of the European league table for teenage pregnancy. Another concern for the health and well-being of the nation’s children is linked to dwindling participation rates in physical activity, both in and out of school hours, and to the point that standards of nutrition are negatively affected by the high and increasing consumption of convenience foods, fast foods, carbonated drinks and sweets. Girls have slightly healthier nutritional tastes than boys on average but sweets and sugary drinks are consumed at around twice the rate of fresh fruit and vegetables on a meal by meal basis. In isolation every one of the above statistics is a cause for serious concern. When viewed collectively it is submitted that these facts present a startling picture which demands immediate and concerted attention. If this commentator was to be appointed Children’s Commissioner a basket of policies would be recommended to improve the health and welfare of the nation’s children. Proposals would include restrictions on advertising, tax measures designed to reward (rather than punish as is the case today) healthy dietary choices, and hard hitting campaigns educating about the risks of drug and substance abuse. It is hard to argue that the age for smoking should be increased above sixteen, given that a person can get married or join the army and fight and die for his or her country at that age. However, the sale of cigarettes to minors should be more rigorously detected and punished and general measures to deter smoking in the adult population would reduce both the number of role models and exposure to passive smoke in the home and community. In terms of sexual health, a policy leaning away from permissive rights to emphasise more strongly responsibilities and risks would be advocated and a more open and accessible sexual education programme, such as that successfully employed at Scandinavian schools would be suggested. Concluding Comments A society can be judged by the way in which it treats its most vulnerable citizens. The office of Children’s Commissioner carries the heavy burden of safeguarding and furthering the interests of the nation’s youth, which is the nation’s future, and as such it is a function that must be carried out with commitment, verve and vigour. It is submitted that the proposals set out in this short paper would, if implemented, attract popular support and therefore access to funding and improve the lot of children nationwide. Moreover, at first and indeed second sight it is hard to conceive of any cogent argument against the concerted pursuit of such objectives. As such these proposals merit serious consideration for prompt and wholehearted adoption. THE END WORD COUNT: 2298 (excluding footnotes bullying was given particular emphasis as requested) BIBLIOGRAPHY Every Child Matters, Department for Education and Skills (2003) Victoria Climbie, Inquiry Report, Lord Laming (2003) Report to Parliament on Social Insurance and Allied Services, (Cmd. 6404) London: HMSO, 1942 ISBN: 0108502767 Bullied Girl Stabbed with Scissors: http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2-1868635,00.html Suicide ruling over bullied girls death, The Scotsman, 14 May 2005 Survey of smoking, drinking and drug use among secondary school children, Office of National Statistics: http://www.statistics.gov.uk/ssd/surveys/survey_smoking_drinking_drug_use_among_ secondary_school_children.asp 1 Footnotes [1] The Act received Royal Assent on 15th November 2004. [2] See: http://www.literacytrust.org.uk/socialinclusion/youngpeople/greenpaper.html [3] See: http://www.victoria-climbie-inquiry.org.uk/finreport/summary-report.pdf. [4] Although it is noted that there is a separate Commissioner for each national jurisdiction within the United Kingdom. [5] The BBC television programme Newsround provides an online forum on bullying. http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/specials/bullying/default.stm. [6] Bullied Girl Stabbed with Scissors: http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2-1868635,00.html. [7] See: Suicide ruling over bullied girls death, The Scotsman, 14 May 2005; and, inter alia: http://www.tinotopia.com/log/archive/2002/03/26/bc_schoolgirl_bully_convicted.htm; [8] See: http://www.spiked-online.com/Articles/0000000CA8E9.htm. [9] Report to Parliament on Social Insurance and Allied Services, (Cmd. 6404) London: HMSO, 1942 ISBN: 0108502767. [10] See: http://www.statistics.gov.uk/ssd/surveys/survey_smoking_drinking_drug_use_among_secondary_school_children.asp

Responsibility of Designers to the General Public :: essays research papers fc

As this topic could in most cases be considered controversial, this paper is simply the written with views and opinions that I feel about this specific topic. According to Merriam-Webster’s Online Dictionary the term â€Å"responsibility is defined as â€Å"1 : the quality or state of being responsible : as a : moral, legal, or mental accountability.† (http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=responsibility&x=0&y=0 ) The question raised in this topic is what, if any, responsibility do graphic designers have to the general public? Should graphic designers be held liable for what their employers have them to do? In my humble opinion, I say no. There is no responsibility of designers to the general public. It is the ones who pay for these designs to be held accountable. It is in my opinion that only the laws of the country and the moral laws or character of the person determine the responsibility of that person. While one could contest that a graphic artist should be responsible for making something that they knew could have a negative impact on others, I contest.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The freedom of speech granted to us by the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution allows people and graphic artists to express themselves in ways that some or even most of us would not approve. However it is well within their legal rights to do so. No matter how much we may despise or dislike the views that someone else has presented in the form of graphic images for whatever purpose, we cannot take away their freedom of expression. That is what makes this country great, because it is that freedom, which allows the people who dislike or oppose a specific ideal, to oppose it. It also allows them to present their contrasting view. I feel that as long as the graphic artist is abiding by the laws of the land then he/she is protected in a legal sense. However since he/she is putting forth some work for the public to view, he/she is open to public scrutiny. I feel it is up to the person viewing the artistic piece to take responsibility for what they view or do not view. For far too long now, we as a society have tried to shift or lay blame elsewhere rather than on ourselves. It is up to the individual to educate themselves on the topic the piece presents so they can have a firm stance in their position.